ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ
2019-04-10 15:37
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ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ
ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠄ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠦᠬᠦᠮ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠦᠬᠡ᠄ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ᠂ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ᠃
ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ᠂ ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ᠂ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠢᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠷᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠨᠢᠬᠡ᠂ 单于 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ
ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ广大 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠨ︵ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠩ︶᠂ ᠷᠠᠮᠰᠲᠸ᠋ᠲ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠲ᠋ᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦᠦ᠂ ᠫᠦᠯᠯᠢᠪᠯᠸ᠋ᠨᠺ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠳᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠺᠯᠥᠰᠥᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠶᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤ᠂ ᠫᠠᠨᠥᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠬᠡᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠢᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠽᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ XIX ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠬᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
︵1︶单 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ
a.单ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠲᠤ chan ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ sian᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤsin᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ dan ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃单 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ Djan/djanʔ djans/ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
b.单ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ單 ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠂ chan᠂ shan᠂ dan ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ︵单于︶ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ dan yu᠂ shan yu ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠃
c.单ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ chanᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ Djan ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
d.单︵chan︶ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ禅︵chán︶ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠦᠬᠡ jana ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ禅那 ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ︵ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠢᠷᠢᠲ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠦᠭᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠠᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ jhàna ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ︶ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ禅︵chan︶ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
f.禅ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠲᠤ chan/shan/᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ sian ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ sim/sin/᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ sam/sien/ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ djan/djans/ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂禅︵chan︶ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ja ︵jha︶ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ 单 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
︵2︶于 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ
a.于 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠲᠤ yu᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ u/y/᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ wu/jyu/᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ yi ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ 于 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ɢʷa ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
b.ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ khotan ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ︽ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠸᠸᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ᠲᠦ于阗ᠬᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠥᠸᠠᠨ ᠽᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ瞿萨旦那Gostana ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ 于 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ kha᠂ kho᠂gha᠂ghoᠪᠠᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠭᠴᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ kha᠂ kho᠂gha᠂ ghoᠨᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ha᠂ ho᠂ ga᠂ go ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
c.ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ支谶 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ于ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ha ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
d.于ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠫᠠᠦᠯ ᠫᠢᠯᠯᠦᠲ Paul Pilliot ᠡᠴᠡ go ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
︵3︶ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ r ᠬᠡᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃
ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ-r᠂-l ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠂ ᠲᠡᠢᠯᠦᠩᠬᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠫᠠᠨ ᠦ᠋ ᠶᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ᠄︽ᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ-r᠂ -l ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ) ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ -l ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ) ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ -r ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ) ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠣᠶᠢᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ-l ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ -r ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠬᠦ (ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ) ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠣᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠪᠥᠰᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠦ -l ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ -r ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ︽ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠢᠴᠢᠰ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ r᠂-l ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ( ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ)᠂ ᠡᠢᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂于 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ r᠂-l ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ单于 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ r᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠠl ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ单于ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠡ جهانگیر(jahangir)᠂ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭ ᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠦᠨᠦᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠦᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷᠠᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠩᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢᠳᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠰᠡᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ︽᠁ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠳ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠮᠦᠷᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠁︾ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠥᠳ ᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠤᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ︵ᠠᠭᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ︶ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂单于 ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ jahangir(Djahangir)ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠢᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ᠃
ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ︵chan yu︶᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ︵jangar︶᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠺᠷᠢᠲ᠂ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ jahangir ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃
ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ 护于 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ
护于 hù yú᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ︾ᠲᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄︽ᠦᠵᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ᠂︵ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ︶ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠᠭᠠᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤ᠋ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠤᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠠᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠦᠵᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠢ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠯᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃
ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ︵ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ︶ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ᠃ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃
护于ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠲᠦ᠂ hu yu᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ho/u y/᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ wu wu/jyu/᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ fu yi ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
护ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ɢʷraːɡs︵https://www.zdic.net/zd/yy/sgy/%E6%8A%A4︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
于ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ᠂ ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃
护于hù yú ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠲᠤᠪᠤᠢᠮᠠ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠭᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠬᠦᠨᠡ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠢᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ 屠耆ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ
ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ左右屠耆王ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ左右贤王ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠰᠧ ᠮᠠ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣ︽ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ︾ᠲᠦ︽匈奴 谓贤曰‘屠耆’,故常以太子为左屠耆王︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ᠃ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ︵ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ᠂ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ︶ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠳᠤᠤᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
屠耆ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ 王 ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠭᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ王ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠪ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃
︽ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠳᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ︾ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠴᠢ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ︵屠耆单于ᠮᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠷᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠬᠢ 58-5 ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠠ︶ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ孝ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠢᠨᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠡᠰᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠄︽ᠪᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ 孝ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠯᠸᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ 汲本᠂ 殿本 ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ孝ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦᠬᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︵ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ︶ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ᠄ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠫᠧᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠯᠸᠢ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠂ 呼都而屍道臯若鞮單於ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠤᠳ孝ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ屠耆ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨᠡ᠂ ᠹᠠᠨ ᠡᠧ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠲᠦ ᠤᠳᠬᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ 孝單于ᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠢᠨᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠡᠰᠨ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂孝ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠦᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠪᠸᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠬᠤᠢᠨᠠᠨᠬᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ孝單于 ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠳ᠋ᠨ屠耆ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃
屠耆ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠲᠤ᠂ tú qí᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ do gi᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ tou kei᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤtu ? ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
屠ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯdaː᠂da᠂ 耆 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯɡri ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
屠耆ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ᠂ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠨ+ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ贤+屠耆ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨᠠ ᠃
ᠲᠤᠷᠴᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠵᠡᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠴᠢ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠢᠷᠦᠬᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠢᠩᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠬᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠤ᠃
ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠲᠠᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ師子 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ︽ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠳ᠋ᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠲᠠᠷ︾ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ︵安西 ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ︶ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ ᠫᠧᠷᠰ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠠ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠡᠯᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠦᠭᠥᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ᠄︽ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ︾ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠤ ᠽᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠨᠢ︽ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠬᠡᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠤᠶᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠨᠵᠢᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ︽ᠸᠸᠢ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠾᠦᠨ ᠣ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ︾ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦ᠋ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠾᠦᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ︽ᠢᠰᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠰᠢᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠳᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠦ᠂师子ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃ 师子ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠲᠤ᠂ shī zǐ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ Sruds/ srud /᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤsai/sy/ zi/zy/᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤsi zi᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ su zu ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠌᠄ ᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6000 ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 8000 ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ᠂ 10000 ᠠᠷᠰᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨᠠ᠃
ᠲᠠᠪᠤ᠂ 僮仆 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ
︽ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ︾ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠣ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠢ僮僕都尉ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂僮仆 ᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ 都尉ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠳᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃
僮仆ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠳᠦ᠂ tóng pú᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ doːŋ pʰoːɡs ᠂ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤdong bok/pak pok/᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤtung fu/buk puk/᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ? fu ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
僮仆ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠴᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠬᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ︽᠁ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠣ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ᠁︾ᠪᠤᠶᠤ︽᠁ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠣ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠪᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠠᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ ᠤᠳ᠁︾ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠲᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠯᠠ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠮᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠃
ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠ᠂ 诺鞮 ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ
若鞮᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠦᠶᠡ᠂ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠳᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠ᠂ 若鞮ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠂︽ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠳᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠲᠢᠷ︾ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ 孝ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ︖ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ 若鞮ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ若鞮 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠳ ᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠤ︖ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠳᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠶᠧ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ 若鞮ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ若鞮᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠨ ᠳᠦᠬᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ鞮ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ鞮 ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠᠳᠦ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠡᠴᠡ11 ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
若鞮᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ︽ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ᠂ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ︾ᠳᠤ᠂ Ruò dī᠂ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ Nja/njaʔ njaɡ/ te᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ la/liok/ de᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠸᠤ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ je/joek/ dai᠂ ᠺᠧ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ you ? ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠬᠠ᠃
ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳ᠋ᠨ
ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠳᠬᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠡᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠪᠡᠨ ᠡᠮᠢᠶᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠬᠤᠢᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠠᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ᠄
1.日逐᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷᠴᠢ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ 王 ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠦᠨ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ︽ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ︽ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ︾ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠮ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠦᠨ+ ᠢᠯᠳᠦᠩ︵ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠩ︶ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
2.谷蠢᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢ ᠯᠢᠤ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠡᠴᠡ︽漫议匈奴研究中的若干问题︾ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠤᠯᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ谷蠢王 谷蠢ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠣ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠡᠵᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠡᠴᠡ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳlu li ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠯᠢᠭᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠾᠦᠩᠨᠦ ᠦᠬᠡ᠂ gu zhen ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠦᠪ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠮᠡᠬᠦᠰ ᠪᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠴᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠯᠢ︽ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠠᠷ︾ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠵᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠩ᠂ ᠭᠦᠵᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠠᠷᠲᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ ᠦᠦ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠨᠠ᠃
ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/92221670 ᠡᠴᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠦ︖