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87307
2018-08-23 09:09
137
0
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠥᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠬᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ — ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾
2018-06-14 15:34:08
ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ
ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠵᠦ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ︶ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠰ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠬᠠᠬ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠢᠮᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠦᠯ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯ 16 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠸᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ᠂ ᠰᠤᠯᠤᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1599 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠤᠷᠬᠠᠴᠢ ︵ᠴᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠺᠠᠺᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ᠂ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠮᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠢᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠤᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠤᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠺᠠᠺᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠷᠤᠨ᠄ ︽ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠶᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ᠂ ︿ᠠ﹀ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ︿ᠠ﹀ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ︿ᠮᠠ﹀ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ ︿ᠠᠮᠠ﹀ ︵ᠡᠴᠢᠬᠡ︶ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤ᠂ ︿ᠡ﹀ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠦᠨ᠂ ︿ᠡ﹀ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ︿ᠮᠧ﹀ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ︿ᠡᠮᠧ﹀ ︵ᠡᠬᠡ︶ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠤᠤ᠂ ᠪᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠨᠤ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠤᠷᠬᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1607 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ︵ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︶ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1632 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ 40 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠷᠬᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 20 ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ 20 ᠲᠠᠪᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1607 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1636 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1632 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ — ᠰᠢᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ︵ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ︶᠂ ᠠᠮᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠨ ︵ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ︶ ᠬᠤᠳ᠋ᠨ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠵᠡᠨᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤᠩᠭᠠᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ︵ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ︶ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠵᠡᠨᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠳᠬᠤᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠵᠦᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠦᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠵᠢᠬᠡᠳ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ — ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ︵ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ︶ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠩᠨᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠴᠦ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ᠃ — ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠩᠭᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠬᠦᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠤᠭᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠹᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠤᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠬᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠠ ᠤᠯᠵᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠪᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠯᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ᠃ — ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠤᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠤᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂[ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ]ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠡ ︵ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠬᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷᠦᠨ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠠᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠤᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠮᠤᠢ ᠁
︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠲᠤᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠨᠳᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠢᠯᠢᠬ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ︽ᠡᠨᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠬᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ︾᠂ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ 1607 — 1636 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢ᠃ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾
ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ 2006 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵1 — 10︶ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠦ 2013 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠵᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠨ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ ᠢ 1000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ︵ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ︶ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ 600 ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠡᠢ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠦ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠳ — ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ︾᠂ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠳ︾ ︵1- 6︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ 7 ᠨᠤᠮ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ᠂ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ 40 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠦ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ 2017 ᠤᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 28 — 10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 18 ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ 1 — 3 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠬᠴᠢᠳ ᠯᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ 4 — 10 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ 1 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠦ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ︽ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ 2009 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠢᠶᠥᠥᠨᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ᠂ 1969 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾᠂ 1970 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠯᠦ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾᠂ 1990 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ︾᠂ ᠵᠦᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠬᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠡᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠸᠧᠡ᠄ ︽ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠦ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠳᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠵᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠳ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠳᠦᠯ᠂ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠯᠴᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠠᠨᠳᠠᠬᠦᠰ᠄ ︽︿ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ﹀ ᠪᠤᠯ 1607 — 1636 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠡᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠬ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠬᠦᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︿ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ﹀ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠰᠢᠬᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠴᠢᠮᠳᠡᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ᠃ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠠᠰᠢᠬᠯᠠᠴᠢᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮᠳᠦ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ︿ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ﹀ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠢᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠯᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠯᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠮ᠂ ᠤᠡᠭᠰᠢᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠢᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ︾ ᠬᠡᠯᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠥᠬᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ
ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1775 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1778 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ 100 ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠤ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠬᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠷᠬᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠮᠡᠲᠦ᠄
ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1905 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠲᠦᠷᠠᠵᠢᠷᠣ᠋ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨᠡ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠲᠦ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1911 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦ ︽ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠦ ᠢᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1918 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ︽ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ︾ ︵ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ︶ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠲᠦᠬᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃
1939 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠹᠦᠵᠢᠥᠺᠡ ᠺᠠᠼᠦ᠋ᠵᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠹᠤᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ︶ ᠬᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1955 — 1966 ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨᠳᠠ ︽ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡ 7 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠷᠡ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ᠂ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ 37 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ︽ᠮᠦᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1969 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠹᠤᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ 10 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠳ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠵᠦ ᠨᠠᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬ ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1970 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠯᠦ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᡁᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ︶ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1972 ᠤᠨ᠂ 1975 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ︽ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ︾ ︵ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠲᠤ︶ ︵ᠶᠠᠫᠦᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ︶ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1977 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ 1980 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠦᠽᠸᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠰ ︽ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ᠂ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠽᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ︾ ︵ᠨᠢᠬᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ︶ ︵ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ︶ 2 ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1990 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠦᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠪ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠬᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1775 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ [ ᠪᠡᠬᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ ] ︵37 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︶ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ︵ᠲᠡᠬᠡᠲᠦ᠂ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠲᠤ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠩᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 2009 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠬᠢᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠳᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1775 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠪᠢᠨᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠹᠤᠲ᠋ᠣ᠋ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵1 — 16 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︶᠂ ᠯᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵17~18 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︶᠂ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ︵19 — 20 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ︶ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ 20 ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ︽ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠩᠰᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠯᠢᠶᠥᠥᠨᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃
ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠴᠡᠯᠮᠡᠭ
ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠡ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠨᠢᠠ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠ