        
         
         
         
     1     
         
        2     
         
        
         
        
         
        
         
            
         
       
         
          
         
          
         
          
         
            
 
  
         
        
         
      
         
           
         
             
         
           
         
      
         
        
         
   8                             7   31                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                             
                                                                             
                                                                                                                                    
     