       16

           political system                                                                                  powe       domination      
               discourse                                                                              family        kinship                                                    
      Elman Service, 1915-1996  17 1962                    band     tribe     chiefdom     state                      band                                 hunter-gatherer  foraging             fribe                                     tribe             goverment              no reliable means of enforcing politacal decisions     chifdom      fribe                                                        power                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                

    Band 
                                        nuclear family                                                                                                                                                    kinship        
            power        authority            egalitarian                                                                       power                                                   leader               
                            anarchy                                      Inuit                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

    Tribe 
                               Big Man                                                   
                           yanomami    Chagnon 1997                              village head                                                                                                       
                   Papua New Guinea     Melanesia        tribe          Big Man                                                                          regional political organization     
                                                          
   
      Chiefdom 
        state                                                                                                     Mesopotamia                                         Guatemala         Mesoamerica                             ancient states                    Robert Carneiro                                                               
                                               
                                                                                                                         chief                                Polynesia                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                              stratum       stratification                    kottak 2004: 476      1922/1968                                   wealth             power                      prestige                  
                                                  

    State 
                                                                                                           population control                                                     judiciary                                     enforcement                         fiscal                

                                                                                                                                          identity                                                                      

                                                                                                                                     

                                                                       

                                                        

    
   16                Kottak, Phillip Conrad. Political Systems. In Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity. New York, Boston  Mc Graw Hill, PP. 445-487.
   17 1915   5    18         1951       Columbia University                   University of Michigan       University of California     

            